Colourful Simplicial Depth

Inspired by Barany’s Colourful Caratheodory Theorem, we introduce a colourful generalization of Liu's simplicial depth. We prove a parity property and conjecture that the minimum colourful simplicial depth of any core point in any d-dimensional configuration is d² + 1 and that the maximum is d^d+1 + 1. We exhibit configurations attaining each of these depths, and apply our results to the problem of bounding monochrome (non-colourful) simplicial depth.     

Multifocus with small size, uniform intensity, and nearly circular symmetry

We investigate in detail the focusing properties of the composite vector beam (CVB) composed of two orthogonally linearly polarized beams with inhomogeneous polarization modulation. By optimizing the modulation factor, a multifocus with excellent quality is obtained, where the sizes of each focus are fairly smaller than that of the focusing spot of a radially polarized beam, the uniformity in the intensity of the focal spots is as high as 1, and the distributions of each focal spot have nearly circular symmetry. In order to decrease the power loss of the incident beam, the CVB formed by an annular beam is demonstrated as the substitute for the optimized CVB formed by a Gaussian beam. This work is important for high-resolution and high-speed imaging in biology and micro-nanofabrication.     

Studies of synergism/antagonism for lowering dynamic interfacial tension in surfactant/alkali/acidic oil systems. 3. Synergism/antagonism in surfactant/alkali/acidic model oil systems

Experimental studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for synergism/antagonism for lowering dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) in surfactant/alkali/hydrocarbon and surfactant/alkali/acidic model oil systems. Dynamic IFTs between hydrocarbon/acidic model oil and alkali/surfactant solutions were measured. We learned from our experimental results that alkali has the function of decreasing n(min) values of surfactant solutions. The synergism/antagonism for lowering the stable values of dynamic IFTs in surfactant/alkali/hydrocarbon and surfactant/alkali/acidic model oil systems depends on factors that can change the EACN/n(min) value, such as the oleic acid in the oil phase and the n(min) values of surfactant and alkali. A new explanation with respect to EACN/n(min) values is provided.     

Potassium superoxide as an alternative reagent for Winterfeldt oxidation of beta-carbolines

Potassium superoxide was examined as an alternative oxidation reagent for the Winterfeldt reaction. KO(2) was found to be superior to the original Winterfeldt protocol for base-sensitive substrates. [reaction--see text]     

Evolution of microstructures in materials induced by electropulsing

Nanostructures were formed in several conventional materials under single electropulsing, that is nanophases of alpha-Cu(Zn) and beta'-(CuZn) in a cold-worked alpha-Cu(Zn) alloy, nanosized gamma-Fe in a low-carbon steel, nanosized alpha-Al in a superduralumin, and orientated nanosized TiC in a TiC/NiCr cermet. The mechanisms responsible for the above nanostructured transitions can be attributed to the competition of many factors induced by electropulsing, including high-rate heating, thermal stress, reduced thermodynamic energy barrier and high-rate electron impacting. Also, many low-energy dislocation configurations, twins and stacking faults were formed in the copper alloy and cermet under the electropulsing. Such evolution of defects was associated with the electrical, thermal and stress energies induced by the electropulsing.     

青冈林的能量生态：Ⅳ.青冈林的能量吸收,固定及生产效率

对青冈林的能量吸收、固定及生产效率进行了研究,结果表明能量吸收量为2861330．39kJ/(m2·a）,能量固定量为108080．99kJ/（m2·a）,能量生产效率为1．90％．     

Temperature dependence of the optical poling of azobenzene polyimide films

The temperature dependence of all-optical poling of azobenzene–polyimide films was experimentally investigated. The poling efficiency decreased with the increase of the sample temperature during the optical poling processes. The experimental result can be explained by considering the relation between the lifetime of the triplet-state of the azobenzene molecule and the repetition rate of the laser pulses used in the poling processes.